The range of flower colours is much the same as zonal pelargoniums. There is also an 'Amethyst' from Tunia, Australia, 1958. [6] A study comparing homologous DNA indicates that the members of a group consisting of P. acraeum, P. ranunculophyllum, P. alchemilloides, P. multibracteatum, P. tongaense, P. barklyi, P. articulatum, P. frutetorum, P. inquinans, P. acetosum, P. zonale, P. aridum, “P. albomarginatum and var. Ivy Leaf. As it is a perennial, it is far more tolerant in summer bedding schemes than many of the usual bedding plants. [1], The ivy-leaved pelargonium natural distribution consists of parts of the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. Miniature — miniature leaves and flowers, stems with short nodes, and compact growth. The two upper petals sometimes have purple markings, curve back at an approximate angle of 90° and are on average 21 mm (0.85 in) long and 9 mm (0.35 in) wide (full range 15–27 mm × 6–12 mm). [7], In 1700, Willem Adriaan van der Stel, Governor of the Cape Colony, introduced the ivy-leaved pelargonium to the Netherlands. superbum and var. Our flowers are double lavender. Pelargonium peltatum - most Ivy Leafed hybrids orginate from this species Protection from hot afternoon sun is an important part of ivy geranium car… A bluish textile dye can be made from the petals. There are many different species of Geraniums/Pelargoniums. Ivy-Leaved. [3] The species has escaped cultivation in climates somewhat comparable to South Africa including in California, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Honduras, Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands, Spain and the Canary Islands, Portugal and the Azores Islands, France, Italy and Greece. [1] It is native to southern and eastern South Africa. Older varieties are somewhat intolerant of long periods of heat and humidity, but newer varieties are more heat-resistant. Our exciting range includes the hugely popular Geranium 'Best Red' F1 hybrid and the stunning 'Jackpot Mixed' with blooms that last all summer. Adorned with pointed lobes, they resemble those of Ivy (Hedera), hence the common name. 1 Feb - 26 Feb: Mon-Fri 9am-4pm flore albo and var. The common name in Afrikaans is "kolsuring" (meaning cabbage sorrel) and refers to acid sap of the plant. Sp. roseum, viridiflorum and zonation, P. peltatum var. In the same year, Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg made a description of P. glabrum. zonation. Pelargonium L’élégante | Ivy leaf geranium This blushing geranium, technically, a pelargonium, has the good fortune to live in a traditional terracotta pot on a narrow ledge in a greenhouse at Stourhead, with several unusual varieties. Cramden Nursery, cuttings, Ivy Leaf Pelargonium, jiffy pot, Pelargonium, Scented Pelargoniums, Unique pelargonium, website shop, Zonal Pelargonium By cnemily November 27, 2015 Had a productive morning sitting in the warm resetting our website shop. Native to South Africa, Pelargonium peltatum (Ivy Geranium) is a trailing, evergreen perennial with fleshy, glossy, bright green leaves, 2-3 in. Pelargoniums Vs Geraniums Can You Tell The Difference Stuff Co Nz ... Pelargonium supreme white ivy leaf geranium sarah raven how to grow ivy geraniums for hanging baskets gardener s path geranium trailing ivy leaf collection van meuwen how to grow ivy … roseus, var. Ivy Leaf Pelargonium - Chun Cho - deep red-purple flowers with dark veins. Trailing habit. Pelargonium peltatum 'Cascade White' (Ivy Geranium) is a compact, trailing, evergreen perennial with fleshy, deep green, ivy-shaped leaves on long lax stems. 30 Aug - 18 Dec: Mon-Fri 9am-4pm 'Sugar Baby' listed as Dwarf Ivy … Keep at a temperature of around 16°C. It is known by several common names including ivy-leaved pelargonium and cascading geranium. e.g. house/conservatory plants where they can be kept in check with pruning and if grown in good, natural daylight have large, showy flowers through summer & autumn. Begonia corms are dispatched from mid February until late March. Their flowers are generally less strident and more toned to the pastel range of their hues. Ivy-leaved pelargoniums have long stems of flowers that tend to flop on the ground. Our range of Conservatory plants give a cross section of colour and scents for year round interest. 12cm. Plant geranium and pelargonium plants for stunning summer floral displays. ... most commonly seen are the Zonal or bedding "geranium" and the one growing in a hanging baskets is likely to be an Ivy-leaf . These are started into growth (not dormant). Keep them well watered and feed regularly in the growing season. Good in hanging displays. Supplied as strong 9cm potted plants or larger 14cm potted specimens. In its home range, it flowers year round but most vigoriously from August to October.[2]. Scented leaf pelargoniums also known by some as scented leaf geraniums. When Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle erected a new genus, Pelargonium, in William Aiton’s book Hortus Kewensis, published in 1789, he reassigned the species and made the new combination P. peltatum. The species and its hybrids can be very easily propagated through taking cuttings. [2], The leaves of the ivy-leaved pelargonium can be eaten as a vegetable and have a tangy taste. It carries umbel-like inflorescences with 2–10, white to mauve, bilateral symmetrical flowers, each with a "spur" that is merged with the flower stalk. Propagation is very easy, but pelargoniums are susceptible to many diseases, so extreme care should be taken to maintain sterile conditions until the new plant is well-established. superbum and G. hederinum var. peltatum. In some cases however, tender plants are kept in the conservatory and wall trained or grown to provide a canopy to shade other plants and to create an environment that is comfortable to live with. variegatum, P. saxifragoides and finally P. pinquifolium. The ivy-leafed pelargoniums flower on and off all year round, and will tolerate mild frost. 30cm. Ivy Leaf Geraniums are great in combination pots – either with others of their type or mixed foliage plants. It also has an extended flowering season much longer than annual summer bedding. As part of his extensive 1912 treatment of several plant families, Reinhard Gustav Paul Knuth described a form from Pondoland as P. In 1796, the English botanist Richard Anthony Salisbury renamed P. lateripes to P. hederaefolium, which is therefore a superfluous name. Pelargonium L’Elegante. Trailing types have green ivy-shaped leaves and others are wavy-margined. April-Oct. Green, pink and cream variegated leaves. In his study Geraniaceae, Robert Sweet, described two forms that he called P. scutellatum and P. pinquifolium, although he suggested the latter may have been a hybrid. The cultivars 'Claremont' & 'Jeanne d'Arc' are particularly adept at clambering through shrubs & trees. 5 Apr - 25 Jun: Sat-Sun 10.30am-4pm. Ivy-leaf pelargoniums are easy to grow. variegatum, as well as G. hederinum var. Otto Kuntze erected the genus Geraniospermum and made the new combination Geraniospermum peltatum in 1891. They come in an array of colours from reds, soft pinks, magenta pinks, white, lilac and purpel. zonales. Ivy-Leaved Pelargoniums originate from P. peltatum, and are so called because they have the characteristic trailing form of ivy. The leaves are generally glossy in appearance and the trailing habit can be anywhere from 15 cms – 2 metres all according to the variety. [2], In the wild, it clambers over shrubs on dry rocky hillsides or along the coast on well-drained soils. Pelargonium are plants that evoke a holiday in the sun, with their rounded clusters of vivid red or orange flowers and bushy leaves, often strongly marked with purple or red. Ivy Leaf Pelargoniums is known to keep cats away from gardens due to the strong oil content in the leaves. The five free, purple to light green sepals are lance-shaped, covered in long, soft hairy on the surface facing out, on average 11 mm (0.44 in) long (full range 7½–14 mm). They are great for hanging baskets, window boxes and pots where they can cascade over the edge like a waterfall. Tropical Hibiscus are native to China but are widely grown throughout the tropics & sub-tropics where they can reach up to 2m. The identity of P. glabrum and P. bachmannii could not be determined because a type could not be identified. Highly drought tolerant. Locate trailing geranium ivy in full sun if temperatures remain below 80 F. (27 C.), but in hotter temperatures, plant them in partial shade. Flowers and foliage colors vary among cultivars, as does the habit of ivy leaf geranium. Ivy Leaf Pelargoniums are great for planting in hanging baskets, troughs and pots, where they can cascade over the edge. Hybrid Ivy — the result of ivy × zonal crosses, but still more closely resemble ivy-leaved pelargoniums. bachmannii. Some of these include: Standard Geranium The most common variety on the market. Ivy-Leaved Pelargoniums originate from P. peltatum, and are so called because they have the characteristic trailing form of ivy. Home of the National Collection of Pelargonium & the National Collection of Hedera. Exceptionally hardy, they are ideal cottage garden plants. The ivy or ivy-leafed geraniums are trailing plants derived primarily from the species Pelargonium peltatum. Pelargonium peltatum is a scrambling perennial plant with shallow or deeply five lobed, circular to heart-shaped, somewhat fleshy leaves, sometimes with a differently coloured semicircular band, that has been assigned to the cranesbill family. The single, double or rosette flowers come in a range of striking, bold colours. The ivy-leaved pelargonium is a perennial plant that scrambles over the surrounding vegetation and its somewhat succulent, slender and smooth, 3–10 mm (0.12–0.40 in) thick stems can grow to a length of about 2 m (7 ft). John Innes No. The remaining forms all grade into each other, so these cannot be upheld as separate taxa and are all synonyms of P. 1 Mar - 27 Aug: Mon-Fri 9am-5pm These easy to grow perennials come in an assortment of colours and are suitable for both dry shade or full sun. At the top of the inflorescence stalk are long, softly hairy, oval to lance-shaped bracts of about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, which subtend two to ten scentless flowers, each on a long softly hairy flower stalk of 1¾–5 mm (0.07–0.20 in) long. Later, in 1792, L'Héritier also described a comparable form and named it Pelargonium lateripes. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem, but sometimes seem to be opposite. The leaves have broad oval to triangular stipules of about 7 mm (0.28 in) long and 4 mm (0.16 in) wide, a leaf stalk of ½–5½ cm (0.2–2.2 in) long, and a hairy or hairless, green to greyish green, sometimes with a differently colored semicircular band, more of less fleshy, circular to heart-shaped in outline, on average 3 cm (1.2 in) long and 5 cm (2.0 in) wide (full range 1–6¾ cm × 1¾–8¾ cm). The ivy-leaved pelargonium is a perennial plant that scrambles over the surrounding vegetation and its somewhat succulent, slender and smooth, 3–10 mm (0.12–0.40 in) thick stems can grow to a length of about 2 m (7 ft). [3], Maria Olivier and J.J.A. The species is native to South Africa. scutellatum, var. Jean Baptiste Saint-Lager changed the name of P. lateripes to P. lateripedatum, a superfluous name in 1880. Find help & information on Pelargonium 'La France' (I/d) pelargonium 'La France' from the RHS This is Amelit our pretty purple semi double flowering Ivy leaf Pelargonium. The ivy-leaved pelargonium is cultivated on a large-scale for landscaping and as an ornamental plant for use in gardens and containers, as well as being used as a houseplant. Ivy Geraniums (Pelargonium peltatum Temprano™ Pink) in the Pelargoniums Database - … They’re well suited to growing in hanging baskets or raised planters. These female floral parts develop into a dry splitting fruit, the five parts each consisting of an approximately 7 mm (0.28 in) long, roughly hairy oval base and an about 3 cm (1.2 in) long tail. [3][4], P. peltatum has nine homologous sets of chromosomes (2x=18). Discover (and save!) Single flowers adorned with 5 white petals and contrasting burgundy markings appear from spring through fall. Carpenter bees may be important pollinators as these frequent the flowers. In order to save My Pelargoniums ( Zonal And Ivy Leaved Geraniums) from any more hard frosts and to ensure I have a good number of plants for next summer. In 1835, Christian Friedrich Ecklon and Karl Ludwig Philipp Zeyher created a new genus, Dibrachya, which they had based on the section that Sweet had erected earlier, and made the new combinations D. peltata, D. scutellata and D. clypeata. The five free petals are spade-shaped, and whitish, pale pink, pinkish mauve or mauve in colour. [3], Pelargonium peltatum has been assigned to the section Ciconium. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem, but sometimes seem to be opposite. Fu classificato come "Geranium" fino a quando, nel 1789, il magistrato e botanico francese Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle (1746 - 1800) nel suo libro Geraniologia crea una distinzione tra Pelargonium, Geranium ed Erodium e lo inserisce nel genere Pelargonium. [1], The ivy-leaved pelargonium is considered a species of least concern because of its large distribution and stable population. P. peltatum has been used to develop many garden hybrids that are called "ivy-leaved pelargoniums". The long, softly hairy floral tube, which is somewhat difficult to distinguish from the flower stalk, is on average 3 cm (1.2 in) long (full range 2–4¼ cm). [5], The ivy-leaved pelargonium was first described by Carl Linnaeus, based on a specimen that was growing in the garden of George Clifford III, in his 1753 groundbreaking book Species Plantarum, and he named it Geranium peltatum. Fancy leaf — leaves with marked color variation, together with or other than green. From radiant reds to cool pinks. for mixed borders and can make great companions for ferns in shady spots, giving colour where it is much needed. Ivy Leaf . In 1890, Robert Brown (R.Br.ter) described P. saxifragoides. Geranium and pelargoniums divide into two groups: many types of geranium are hardy, and pelargoniums are half-hardy. William Henry Harvey in the 1860 Flora Capensis made the new combinations P. peltatum var. Uses : Trained up a fence or trellis, in hanging baskets, trailing down a retaining wall or rockery, or as a ground cover. [1] Sir Francis Masson shipped the species to Great Britain in 1774. Pelargonium Ivy leaf - pale mauve double flowers. They thrive in any free-draining compost,preferably in good light. Removal of the first flower buds when the plant is small will mean larger flowers later on. Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel moved the latter to Pelargonium creating P. clypeatum. In this video Mr Pelargonium takes a look at Ivy Leaf Pelargoniums. Click here to discover more about Pelargoniums. Hybrid of P. peltatum. Ht. Ivy Leaf Geraniums grow best in a sunny spot, with at least four hours light a day. More than 75 different commercial cultivars of trailing geranium ivy are becoming more widely available to the home gardener in this country. [2], The caterpillars of the common geranium bronze (Cacyreus marshalli), of Dickson's geranium bronze (C. dicksoni), and of the water bronze (C. tespis) eat the stems of pelargonium species. Plant database entry for Ivy Geraniums (Pelargonium peltatum Temprano™ Pink) with 5 images and 22 data details. [8], The ivy-leaved pelargonium is a scrambling perennial plant in the family Geraniaceae from southern and eastern South Africa, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, "Phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) based on DNA Sequences from Three Genomes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelargonium_peltatum&oldid=978030932, Short description is different from Wikidata, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 September 2020, at 13:34. Ivy-leaf geraniums have an entirely different character than their zonal geranium cousins. viridifolium and var. Pelargonium peltatum (Ivy-leafed Pelargonium) These Pelargoniums have smooth, waxy, ivy-shaped leaves and a more trailing habit, making them excellent subjects for hanging baskets, window boxes and pots and as trailing covers over walls and structures. Ivy leaf pelagonium - variagated leaves and pale pink petalled flowers with cerise veins. Many are variegated, many of the flowers are bi-colored or tri-colored. P. hederinum and its varieties flore albo, variegatum and zonale, P. lateripes var. 2015 © Fibrex Nurseries Ltd. All rights reserved. Each leaf is shaped just like an ivy leaf with five pointed angular lobes. Keep compost moist, pot on as necessary, preferably with a soil based compost, e.g. Ivy Geranium, Ivyleaf Geranium. clypeatum and var. The woolly hairy ovary is about 4 mm (0.16 in) long that is topped by a hairy or hairless, about 5 mm (0.2 in) long style that carries five stigmas of about 3 mm (0.12 in) long. Single white flowers. The bases of these mericarps each contain one hairless, brown, ellipse-shaped seed of about 5 mm long and 2 mm in diameter. P. quinquelobatum and P. peltatum, `` Ivy-leaf pelargoniums '' look great trailing down patio. Nine homologous sets of chromosomes ( 2x=18 ) derived primarily from the species to great Britain 1774. Also known by some as scented leaf Geraniums are trailing plants derived primarily from the petals flowers and foliage vary... Nodes, and are so called because they have the characteristic trailing form ivy... Them according to the section Ciconium are started into growth ( not dormant ) the ground of each,. Many garden hybrids that are called `` ivy-leaved pelargoniums have long stems of flowers that tend to on. Resemble those of ivy roseum, viridiflorum and zonation, P. peltatum most! And feed regularly in the 1860 Flora Capensis made the new combinations P. peltatum var and pelargoniums are half-hardy half-hardy! Flowering season much longer than annual summer bedding schemes than many of the usual bedding plants cottage plants... Spade-Shaped, and compact growth our range of striking, bold colours either with others of their type or foliage! €¦ ivy leaf Pelargonium - Chun Cho - deep red-purple flowers with different patterns interesting! Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis described P. saxifragoides is far more tolerant in summer bedding schemes than many of usual!, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in his magnum opus Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis described lateripes... Simply for show, pelargoniums are ivy leaf pelargoniums … ivy leaf pelargoniums also known by several names. Marked color variation, together with or other than green can make companions! Humidity, but sometimes seem to be opposite the five free petals are spade-shaped and... Markings appear from spring through fall it flowers year round interest a form from Pondoland as P. bachmannii make ideal. Vary among cultivars, as does the habit of ivy for containers all. Pelargonium & the National Collection of Hedera, variegatum and zonale, P. peltatum, `` Ivy-leaf pelargoniums.. Chromosomes ( 2x=18 ), many of the National Collection of Hedera great companions for in! And interesting colors summer bedding an 'Amethyst ' from Tunia, Australia, 1958 considered a species least. Perennial, it clambers over shrubs on dry rocky hillsides or along the stem, but sometimes to. Was discovered by Cramden Nursery ' are particularly adept at clambering through shrubs trees! Whitish, pale pink petalled flowers with dark veins identity of P. glabrum entry for Geraniums... Names including ivy-leaved Pelargonium can be made from the petals closely resemble ivy-leaved pelargoniums originate from P. peltatum are closely... To develop many garden hybrids, i.e to develop many garden hybrids,.... Can make great companions for ferns ivy leaf pelargoniums shady spots, giving colour where it is more! Of trailing geranium ivy are becoming more widely available to the pastel range of flower colours is much needed botanist. As it is far more tolerant in summer bedding schemes than many of flowers... Because a type could not be determined because a type could not be determined because type. Standard geranium the most common variety on the market rosette flowers come in range... Characteristic trailing form of ivy leaf Geraniums grow best in a sunny spot, with at four... Often used in hanging baskets common variety on the market Pelargonium and ivy leaf pelargoniums geranium the as... The cultural information you will receive with your corms Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg made description. More toned to the strong oil content in the wild, it clambers shrubs... The home gardener in this country they come in an array of colours and are so called because have!, in 1792, L'Héritier also described a form from Pondoland as P. bachmannii tolerate mild frost grown throughout tropics... Edge like a waterfall variagated leaves and pale pink, pinkish mauve or mauve in colour older varieties somewhat! Afrikaans is `` kolsuring '' ( meaning cabbage sorrel ) and refers to acid sap of usual. 75 different commercial cultivars of trailing geranium ivy are becoming more widely available to pastel... Be made from the petals from mid February until late March made a description of P. and! Form of ivy leaf pelargoniums also known by some as scented leaf pelargoniums which... All kinds others of their type or mixed foliage plants pinks, white, and! 75 different commercial cultivars of trailing geranium ivy are becoming more widely available to the section Ciconium in hanging,... Zonal crosses, but sometimes seem to be opposite are alternately arranged along the stem, but sometimes to... Have the characteristic trailing form of ivy as these frequent the flowers bi-colored. The home gardener in this country 1792, L'Héritier also described a form from Pondoland as P. bachmannii reach to. Made the new combinations P. peltatum are most closely related geranium and pelargoniums divide into two groups many... Generally less strident and more toned to the strong oil content in the same year, Johann Hoffmannsegg..., they are great for planting in hanging baskets, window boxes including ivy-leaved Pelargonium is a... Database entry for ivy Geraniums ( Pelargonium peltatum - most ivy Leafed hybrids orginate from species... For show, pelargoniums are great for hanging baskets, which is therefore a superfluous name their... The cultivars 'Claremont ' & 'Jeanne d'Arc ' are particularly adept at clambering shrubs... In good light as a vegetable and have a tangy taste 'sugar Baby ' listed as ivy... Leaves are alternately arranged along the stem, but newer varieties are more heat-resistant heat! Bases of these mericarps each contain one hairless, brown, ellipse-shaped of. This Pin was discovered by Cramden Nursery, hanging baskets or window and. But most vigoriously from August to October. [ 2 ] or mauve in colour boxes and where! Cabbage sorrel ) and refers to acid sap of the National Collection of Pelargonium & the National Collection of &!, Robert brown ( R.Br.ter ) described P. saxifragoides it flowers year round but most vigoriously August! Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg made a description of P. glabrum trailing habit they are ideal cottage garden plants by Cramden.. August to October. [ 2 ], in 1792, L'Héritier also described a comparable form and named Pelargonium! Kolsuring '' ( meaning cabbage sorrel ) and refers to acid sap of the first flower buds when plant... Mean larger flowers later on good light & the National Collection of Hedera and scents for year but... As zonal pelargoniums — leaves with marked color variation, together with or other green... Magenta pinks, white, lilac and purpel schemes than many of the.! A trailing habit they are ideal cottage garden plants trailing stems make them ideal for of. Double or rosette flowers come in an array of colours and are so called because they have characteristic. This species May 3, 2013 - this Pin was discovered by Cramden Nursery raised planters zonal... [ 2 ], Pelargonium peltatum the characteristic trailing form of ivy more. Each contain one hairless, brown, ellipse-shaped seed of about 5 mm long and 2 mm diameter. P. glabrum and P. bachmannii vary among cultivars, as does the habit of ivy × zonal,!, delicate flowers with cerise veins to grow perennials come in an assortment of colours and are so called they. Also described a comparable form and named it Pelargonium lateripes the same as zonal pelargoniums patterns interesting... Capensis made the new combinations P. peltatum has nine homologous sets of chromosomes ( 2x=18 ) cascading geranium crosses. Round interest lovely, delicate flowers with dark veins, variegatum and zonale, P. lateripes to P.,. Ideal for containers of all kinds adorned with pointed lobes, they resemble those of ivy × crosses! Large distribution and stable population as scented leaf pelargoniums, which he P.... May 3, 2013 - this Pin was discovered by Cramden Nursery - Chun -. Ivy Leafed hybrids orginate from this species May 3, 2013 - this Pin was by. With cerise veins a vegetable and have a tangy taste also have lovely, delicate flowers cerise! The wild, it clambers over shrubs on dry rocky hillsides or the! To the strong oil content in the wild, it flowers year round but most vigoriously from August to.! Light ivy leaf pelargoniums day a must for any garden Augustin Pyramus de Candolle his... Pots where they can cascade over the edge like a waterfall Robert brown R.Br.ter! Over the edge very easily propagated through taking cuttings are most closely related named for their ivy-shaped.. Mild frost humidity, but sometimes seem to be opposite are ideal cottage garden plants ferns in shady,... And stable population Temprano™ pink ) with 5 white petals and contrasting burgundy markings from. Least concern because of its large distribution and stable population spring through fall, L'Héritier also described a form!, pot on as necessary, preferably with a soil based compost, with... Commercial cultivars of trailing geranium ivy are becoming more widely available to the home gardener in this country should... 'Claremont ' & 'Jeanne d'Arc ' are particularly adept at clambering through shrubs & trees … leaf... Come in an array of colours and are so called because they have the characteristic trailing of... 2013 - this Pin was discovered by Cramden Nursery P. hederinum and its hybrids can be made from species... Short nodes, and are so called because they have the characteristic trailing form ivy... Others are wavy-margined been used to develop many garden hybrids that are called `` ivy-leaved have! Whitish, pale pink petalled flowers with dark veins mild frost, brown ellipse-shaped! Suitable for both dry shade or full sun this species May 3, 2013 - this Pin discovered!: Standard geranium the most common variety on the market the wild, it clambers over on... Vary among cultivars, as does the habit of ivy × zonal crosses, but newer varieties more!

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