names of nucleotides and nucleosides

Step 1: Identify Nucleosides And Nucleotides. Identify The Structure As A Nucleoside Or Nucleotide. The Standard Abbreviation (ISO4) of Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids is “Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids”.ISO 4 (Information and documentation – Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications) is an international standard, defining a uniform system for the abbreviation of serial publication titles. Nucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Nucleoside, a structural subunit of nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling components of all living cells, consisting of a molecule of sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing organic ring compound. Structures and tautomeric equilibria of the DNA bases. These bases form hydrogen bonds with the opposing bases on the opposite strand of DNA molecule thus forming a double helical structure. The names and structures of the major ribonucleotides and one of the deoxyribonucleotides are given in Figure 28.1.2. Pyrimidines have only one ring. Pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis . The structures, names, and abbreviations of the common bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides are given in Table 1. Names of nucleosides and nucleotides attached to deoxyribose are shown in parentheses. This reaction catalyzes by the enzymes called kinases. Alternate Names: 5'-CDP 3Na; Trisodium Cytidine 5'-Diphosphate Hydrate; Cytidine 5'-Diphosphate Trisodium Salt Hydrate CAS Number #: 34393-59-4 Molecular Formula: C9H12N3Na3O11P2 Largest database of Nucleosides and Nucleotides listed for your easy reference. Heat, alkaline pH, and chemicals such as formamide and urea are commonly used to denature DNA.Denatured single-stranded DNA can be renatured (annealed) if the denaturing condition is slowly removed. Nucleoside, a structural subunit of nucleic acids, the heredity-controlling components of all living cells, consisting of a molecule of sugar linked to a nitrogen-containing organic ring compound. Cite as: IUPAC. For example, a nucleotide that includes Adenosine, the 5-carbon sugar ribose, and a single phosphate is called Adenosine-5-Monophosphate (AMP). Guanine and cytosine complement each other (G-C). If it … Five nucleotides are commonly used in biochemistry and genetics. NUCLEIC ACIDS. RNA contains only 4 nucleotides, abbreviated A,C,G,U. For instance, one example of a nucleotide is adenosine triphosphate. A rare left-handed double-helical form of DNA that occurs in G-C–rich sequences is known as Z-DNA. The base sequence of a nucleic acid strand is written by convention, in the 5′→3′ direction (left to right). In DNA or RNA molecules, a phosphate from one nucleotide forms a phosphodiester bond with the number 3 carbon in the next nucleotide sugar. Nucleotide has three components namely a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group while nucleoside has two components namely pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides joined by 3′, 5′-phosphodiester bonds; that is, a phosphate group links the 3′ carbon of a sugar to the 5′ carbon of the next sugar in the chain. … Nitrogenous Bases - Definition and Structures, Learn About Nucleic Acids and Their Function, Understanding the Double-Helix Structure of DNA, The Difference Between Purines and Pyrimidines, DNA Definition: Shape, Replication, and Mutation, Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College, A five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA). Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids (2000 - current) Formerly known as. Cite as: IUPAC. See the answer. They resemble pyridine and are weak bases. It has also become customary to include among nucleosides analogous substances in which the @G02665@ is attached to carbon rather than nitrogen ('C-nucleosides'). The chemical formula of the pyrimidine cytosine is C4H5N3O. Each strand has a distinct 5′ end and 3′ end, and thus has polarity. A phosphate group is often found at the 5′ end, … Common examples include adenosine triphosphate, … … Each nucleotide is a polymer made up of three parts: The five bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, which have the symbols A, G, C, T, and U, respectively. With minor modification (substitution of U for T) these rules also apply to dsRNA.Most DNA occurs in nature as a right-handed double-helical molecule known as Watson-Crick DNA or B-DNA (Figure I-1-8). DNA uses adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, while RNA uses adenine, guanine, and cytosine but has uracil instead of thymine. Nucleosides Nucleotides Both Answer Bank are found in RNA and DNA contain a base and a monosaccharide may contain either ribose or deoxyribose are the product when a base bonds at C1 of ribose or deoxyribose contain a base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group do not contain a … Purines contain two rings in their structure. The nucleosides take their names from the names of the bases and sugars which comprise them. There's a logic to the naming of the nucleosides and nucleotides, if you can remember a few rules. Names of nucleosides and nucleotides attached to deoxyribose are shown in parentheses. Guanine (G) binds only to cytosine (C), in both DNA and RNA. See also: nucleic acids. Nucleotides contain at least one phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and either a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Purines are heterocyclic amines consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to a five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms. Nucleotide definition, any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA: composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil. Nucleotides and Bases Nucleotides A nucleotide is the basic structural unit and building block for DNA. Question: List the name and abbreviation of each of the four nucleotides found in DNA? Alternate Names: 5'-CDP 3Na; Trisodium Cytidine 5'-Diphosphate Hydrate; Cytidine 5'-Diphosphate Trisodium Salt Hydrate CAS Number #: 34393-59-4 Molecular Formula: C9H12N3Na3O11P2 The adenosine part of the name references adenine, while the triphosphate part of the name reflects how many phosphate residues the molecule has. Miscellaneous: PAPS (active sulphate), SAM (active methionine), certain coenzymes like NAD+, FAD, FMN, Cobamide coenzyme, CoA Although most people learn only the five main types of nucleotides, there are others, including, for example, cyclic nucleotides (e.g., 3'-5'-cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP.) She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. The major purine components of nucleic acids are adenine and guanine residues; the major pyrimidine residues are those of cytosine, uracil (which occurs mainly in RNA), and thymine (5-methyluracil, which occurs mainly in DNA). Nucleosides are responsible for encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information in all living things. The nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides are classified as pyrimidines or purines. Examples: Common sort of nucleoside includes adenosine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, cytidine, guanosine, etc. One interesting factoid about uracil is that the Cassini mission to Saturn found that its moon Titan appears to have uracil on its surface. Identify The Base And The Sugar. No covalent bonds are broken in this process. Unprotected Nucleosides. Nucleosides are built of a nitrogenous base and a sugar, however, without the phosphate group when it comes to chemical composition. Take the adenosine base as an example. What Are the 3 Parts of a Nucleotide? Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) is an enzyme cofactor that can convert ADP to ATP. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic amines with two nitrogen atoms in a six-member ring and include uracil, thymine, and cytosine. Nucleosides (bottom) are made of a nitrogenous base, usually either a purine or pyrimidine, and a five-carbon carbohydrate ribose. The two purines commonly found in nucleic acids are adenine (A) and guanine (G); both are found in DNA and RNA. Five major nucleoside bases are common in human biology, including the purines (two-ring structure) adenine and guanine (top) and the pyrimidines (one-ring structure) cytosine, uracil, and thymine (middle). These stand for Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil where as DNA contains thymine at the place of Uracil. Find your preferred Nucleosides and Nucleotides right here. There are about 10 base pairs per complete turn of the helix. For many years, nucleos(t)ide analogues and nucleic acids have served as cornerstones of drug design and development efforts. According to this convention, the sequence of the strand on the left in Figure I-1-7 must be written 5′-TCAG-3′ or TCAG: ● If written backward, the ends must be labeled: 3′-GACT-5′ ● The positions of phosphates may be shown: pTpCpApG ● In DNA, a “d” (deoxy) may be included: dTdCdAdG. The pyrimidine NSs end in "-dine" : cytidine, uridine, deoxythymidine. Purines consist of a double ring in which a 5-atom ring connects to a 6-atom ring. Although people tend to refer to the nucleotides by the names of their bases, adenine and adenosine aren't the same things. The term nucleotide refers to the base, sugar, and phosphate group. For example, if a solution containing heat-denatured DNA is slowly cooled, the two complementary strands can become base-paired again (Figure I-1-9). Available nomenclature recommendations on nucleic acids are listed in Table A.1D.1. Your Basket/Online Quote Items: 0 (0,00 €) » Search & Order ... Search all our small molecule products (including all nucleosides and nucleotides) by sub-structure. For example, a nucleotide that has an adenine base and three phosphate residues would be named adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They are derived from nitrogenous bases and are either purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil, and thymine). How Are They Connected? Thus a nucleoside plus a phosphate group yields a nucleotide. Nucleoside Bases Nucleotides and Bases - Genetics Generation posted on: November 04 2020 09:38:03. To name the NTs, use the NS name, followed by "mono-", "di-" or "triphosphate": Nucleotides can be synthesized throug… Exceptions occur in certain viruses, some of which have ssDNA genomes and some of which have dsRNA genomes. Examples of nucleosides include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine. Copyright © 2019 - 2021 Biology-Teach All rights reserved. Where To Download Mass Spectrometry Of Nucleosides And Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides. The purines are adenine and guanine. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic amines with two nitrogen atoms in a six-member ring and include uracil, thymine, and cytosine. Un nucléoside monophosphate est un nucléotide ; il existe aussi des nucléosides diphosphates (avec deux groupements de phosphate) ou triphosphates (avec trois groupements de phosphate). Thymine (T) is usually found only in DNA, whereas uracil (U) is found only in RNA. a The presence of a 2′-deoxyribose unit in place of a ribose, as occurs in DNA, is implied by the prefixes “deoxy” or “d”. The chemical formula of adenine is C5H5N5. This can be either DNA or RNA, and it can contain 1/2/3 phosphate groups (mono/di/tri). To this day, malfunctioning nucleotides are one of the major reasons behind cancer. This problem has been solved! Adenine binds with thymine (A-T) in DNA and with uracil in RNA (A-U). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It has also become customary to include among nucleosides analogous substances in which the @G02665@ is attached to carbon rather than nitrogen ('C-nucleosides'). The names of some nucleotides are listed in Table-1. Nucleosides are organic molecules that contain a carbon sugar attached to a nitrogenous base. Each strand has a distinct 5′ end and 3′ end, and thus has polarity. 8.2.3 Biosynthesis of nucleotides: building blocks of nucleic acids. Where To Download Mass Spectrometry Of Nucleosides And Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides. See also: nucleic acids. STRATEGY 1. See more. If the nucleotide has two phosphates, it would be adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Cytosine can spontaneously change into uracil. Nucleotides can have up to three phosphate groups bonded to them, and they are referred to as monophosphate, diphosphates, and triphosphates respectively. The major purine components of nucleic acids are adenine and guanine residues; the major pyrimidine residues are those of cytosine, uracil (which occurs mainly in RNA), and thymine (5-methyluracil, which occurs mainly in DNA). They are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, which are vital molecules in all living cells, as they encode all the information required for a cells survival, growth, and reproduction. Such renaturation or annealing of complementary DNA strands is an important step in probing a Southern blot and in performing the polymerase chain reaction . Expert Answer 100% (24 ratings) Previous question Next question Transcribed Image Text from this Question. The nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides are classified as pyrimidines or purines. The names given to nucleotidesreflect the nitrogenous bases that make them up. Examples of nucleosides are cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, and inosine. normal nucleosides and their abbreviations, as well as nucleotides, oligonucleotides, and polynucleotides. When probe DNA binds to target DNA sequences of sufficient complementarity, the process is called hybridization. Your email address will not be published. These properties are known as Chargaff’s rules. Nucleosides and Nucleotides Nucleosides —adenosine, guanosine, thymidine, and cytidine—are the terms given to the combination of base and sugar. STRATEGY 1. The nucleosides take their names from the names of the bases and sugars which comprise them. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are assembled from nucleotides, which consist of three components: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (pentose), and phosphate. Other purine metabolites, not usually found in nucleic acids, include xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid. Examples of nucleosides include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine. Uridine nucleotides: UDP 5. Nucleotides and Bases Nucleotides A nucleotide is the basic structural unit and building block for DNA. A nucleotide always contains a nucleoside that binds the one to three phosphate groups. ● Because of the specific base pairing, the amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C. Thus, total purines equals total pyrimidines. The purine NSs end in "-sine" : adenosine and guanosine. Note that the “deoxy” part of the names deoxythymidine, dTMP, etc., is sometimes understood, and not expressly stated, because thymine is almost always found attached to deoxyribose. To name the NTs, use the NS name, followed by "mono-", "di-" or "triphosphate": 2. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides joined by 3′, 5′-phosphodiester bonds; that is, a phosphate group links the 3′ carbon of a sugar to the 5′ carbon of the next sugar in the chain. Uracil is the demethylated form of the base thymine. Nucleosides and nucleotides are the fourth and final major group of biochemical molecules and are essential for numerous biological functions in humans, including maintaining and transferring genetic information, playing a major role in energy storage, and acting as signaling molecules. The name of the base is generally used as the name of the nucleotide, although this is technically incorrect. The four nucleotides found in RNA are combinations of adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil with ribose and phosphate. L'assemblage d'un nucléoside avec un groupement phosphate aboutit à la formation d'un nucléotide, produisant alors, par liaison avec d'autres nucléotides, une molécule d'ADN ou d'ARN. A phosphate group is often found at the 5′ end, and a hydroxyl group is often found at the 3′ end. Question: Name The Following Nucleosides Or Nucleotides. Adenosine is the larger nucleotide molecule made up of adenine, ribose or deoxyribose, and one or more phosphate groups. The Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides (NNO) Gordon Research Conference is dedicated to understanding the fundamental chemistry, biology, and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases using nucleos(t)ides and nucleic acid analogues. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides joined by 3′, 5′-phosphodiester bonds; that is, a phosphate group links the 3′ carbon of a sugar to the 5′ carbon of the next sugar in the chain. Its symbol is T and it is found in DNA but not RNA. The biologic function of Z-DNA is unknown, but may be related to gene regulation. Classify the descriptions as pertaining to nucleosides, nucleotides, or both nucleosides and nucleotides. Hence, if a nucleic acid digests with a nucleotidase enzyme, nucleosides can be formed. Nucleosides: A nucleoside is a chemical combination of a pentose sugar and a pyrimidine … In eukaryotes, DNA is generally double-stranded (dsDNA) and RNA is generally single-stranded (ssRNA). Nucleotides are formed when one or more phosphate groups is attached to the 5′ carbon of a nucleoside (Figure I-1-5). They can also be named as the radical (adenylate etc. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleosides and Nucleic Acids by ... Names and Abbreviations of Nucleic Acid Bases, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides. The key difference between nucleotide and nucleoside is the presence and absence of a phosphate group/s. If the mutation is not repaired, this can leave a uracil residue in DNA. The numbers identifying the carbons of the sugar are labeled with “primes” in nucleosides and nucleotides to distinguish them from the carbons,of the purine or pyrimidine base. Nucleotide really just means a component of a nucleic acid in which you have 3 components: Ribose sugar, Nitrogenous base, and Phosphate (if you are missing the phosphate, these are called nucleosides. The molecule recycles itself through a set of phosphoribosyltransferase reactions. The bases combine with the sugar to make the nucleotides adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine. The pyrimidine NSs end in "-dine" : cytidine, uridine, deoxythymidine. Its symbol is C. This base is found in both DNA and RNA. Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group.A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (ribose or 2'-deoxyribose) whereas a nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. Nucleoside di- and triphosphates are high- energy compounds because of the hydrolytic energy associated with the acid an- hydride bonds (Figure I-1-6). Nucleotides are the organic molecules that contain a carbon sugar attached to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group as well. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleosides and Nucleic Acids by... Names and Abbreviations of Nucleic Acid Bases, Nucleosides, Page 2/5. 3. Identify The Names Of A Nucleoside And A Nucleotide. The synthesis of UMP. Cytidine nucleotides: CTP, CDP, CMP and certain deoxy CDP derivatives of glucose, choline and ethanolamine 4. Table I-1-2. NUCLEIC ACIDS. Guanosine nucleotides: GTP, GDP, GMP, Cyclic GMP 3. Both DNA and RNA use four bases, but they don't use all the same ones. Required fields are marked *. Apart from being the monomer units of DNA and RNA, the nucleotides and some of their derivatives have other functions as well. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleosides and Nucleic Acids by... Names and Abbreviations of Nucleic Acid Bases, Nucleosides, Page 2/5. Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Cytosine (C) is present in both DNA and RNA. In a nucleoside, the anomeric carbon is linked through a glycosidic bond to the N9 of a purine or the N1 of a pyrimidine. Purines are heterocyclic amines consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to a five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms. Double-helical DNA can be denatured by conditions that disrupt hydrogen bonding and base stacking, resulting in the “melting” of the double helix into two single strands that separate from each other. The hydrophilic sugar-phosphate backbone of each strand is on the outside of the double helix. Pyrimidines are single 6-atom rings. If the pentose is ribose, the nucleic acid is RNA (ribonucleic acid); if the pentose is deoxyribose, the nucleic acid is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The names of … names of individual nucleotides depend largely on the types of molecular units of which they’re formed. These building blocks are hooked together to form a chain of DNA. The four major ribose nucleosides are adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine; the four major 2-deoxyribose nucleosides are 2-deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyguanosine, 2-deoxycytidine, and 2-deoxythymine. Identify The Base And The Sugar. So you can have either DNA or RNA nucleotides. Role of Mycorrhizae in Agriculture and Forestry. Nucleotides: Nucleotides are compounds that have either a deoxyribose sugar or a ribose sugar. The structures, names, and abbreviations of the common bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides are given in Table 1. The number 5 carbon of the sugar connects to the oxygen of the phosphate group. Nucleosides and Nucleotides (1982 - 1999) Browse the list of issues and latest articles from Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. … 2. The hydrogen-bonded base pairs are stacked in the center of the molecule. Question: Name The Nucleosides Or Nucleotides. There are two types of nitrogen-containing bases commonly found in nucleotides: The chemical formula of the pyrimidine thymine is C5H6N2O2. Adenine is the name of the purine base. Each strand has a distinct 5′ end and 3′ end, and thus has polarity. Main article: Pyrimidine metabolism. Nucleotides are the core structural units of RNA and DNA, they have a role in metabolism where they are a source of chemical energy, they are involved in cellular signaling, and they can act as co-enzymes. Nucleosides are formed by covalently linking a base to the number 1 carbon of a sugar (Figure I-1-4). The purine NSs end in "-sine" : adenosine and guanosine. Step 1: Identify Nucleosides And Nucleotides. The synthesis of the pyrimidines CTP and UTP occurs in the cytoplasm and starts with … What are the names of four nucleosides in RNA What are the names of four from BIOL 1406 at South Texas High School For Health Professions The chemical formula of the purine guanine is C5H5N5O. Uracil is a weak acid that has the chemical formula C4H4N2O2. adenosine. The bases take one of two forms. Natural and modified nucleosides without protection. The pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. The four major ribose nucleosides are adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine; the four major 2-deoxyribose nucleosides are 2-deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyguanosine, 2-deoxycytidine, and 2-deoxythymine. The nomenclature for the commonly found bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides is shown in Table I-1-2. Top 15 Famous Marine Biologists-Biology History, Top 10 Biotechnology Discoveries - Biologyteach, History of Cell Biology - Biology History - Biologyteach, Virus – history,living and non-living character, Haeckel’s Three kingdom classification system – Features,Limitation, Five Kingdom Classification System /5 Kingdom Classification Notes, Two Kingdom System of Classification – History, Classification & Limitations, ORIGIN OF ANGIOSPERMS – History, Theories. In these techniques, a well-characterized probe DNA is added to a mixture of target DNA molecules. a The presence of a 2′-deoxyribose unit in place of a ribose, as occurs in DNA, is implied by the prefixes “deoxy” or “d”. Atoms within bases are numbered, with N1 of pyrimidines and N9 of purines being bonded to C1 ′ of the sugar in nucleosides and nucleotides. Nucleosides and nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA and DNA. Nucleotides may be called acids (adenylic acid, guanylic acid and so forth) because their phosphate groups produce hydrogen ions or they may be designated as the specific nucleoside phosphate (adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate and so forth). A phosphate group is often found at the 5′ end, … It's an important base because it's used not only in DNA and RNA, but also for the energy carrier molecule ATP, the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide, and the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). (Glossary of class names of organic compounds and reactivity intermediates based on structure (IUPAC Recommendations 1995 )) on page 1352 . A nucleotide is composed of 3 parts: * five-sided sugar * phosphate group * nitrogenous base … Nucleotides such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAM) can also be used for signal transduction pathways within the cell. Show transcribed image text. Source: PAC, 1995, 67, 1307. Names of Nucleotides DKosig / Getty Images The five bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, which have the symbols A, G, C, T, and U, respectively. Figure 28.1.2 The Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleotides. Eric Lam, in Plant Biochemistry, 1997. purines and pyrimidines. Nucleosides are good anticancer agents, and also they have antiviral properties as well. Identify The Structure As A Nucleoside Or Nucleotide. Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group. Nucleosides, nucleotides and their biological applications = Nucléosides, nucléotides et application... Chemistry and biology of nucleosides and nucleotides / edited by Robert E. Harmon, Roland K. Robins, Ler... Production of nucleotides and nucleosides by fermentation / by Sadao Teshiba, Akira Furuya The bases can also be methylated to form different molecules. Nucleotides such as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPD) and Flavin adenine diphosphate (FAD) act as cofactors in lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. Source: PAC, 1995, 67, 1307. deoxyadenosine. Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. Some of the features of double-stranded DNA include: ● The two strands are antiparallel (opposite in direction). A nucleotide that includes Guanosine instead of Adenosine is simply called Guanosine-5-Monophosphate (GMP). Identify The Names Of A Nucleoside And A Nucleotide. The four nucleotides found in DNA are combinations of adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine with deoxyribose and phosphate. 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